By Mubashir Ahmed 
Hydrogen is a unique element with a single valence electron, and it follows the duet rule rather than the octet rule that applies to most elements.
Valence Electrons in Hydrogen
- Hydrogen has 1 valence electron in its outer shell.
- To achieve stability, it needs 1 more electron to fill its first (and only) energy level, which can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
How Hydrogen Reaches Stability
- By Gaining 1 Electron: Hydrogen can form a single covalent bond (e.g., in H₂ or H₂O) to complete its duet rule.
- By Losing 1 Electron: Hydrogen can also lose its single electron to form H⁺ (a proton), which occurs in acids.
Conclusion
Hydrogen needs 1 more electron to fill its outer shell and become stable, following the duet rule instead of the octet rule.
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